section+1+-+England+and+Its+Colonies

//**England and Its Colonies Prosper**// - The real purpose of colonies system was to enhance british economy.

//Mercantilism// //: the protectionism system that was held to secure the domestic market and// //pioneer the oversea market so to keep industrial fund.// - Colonies were influenced by the theory, called mercantilism - concentrate about the balance of trade --> banned importing complete products, instead encouraged importing raw materials. --> in the same way, banned exporting raw materials, instead encouraged exporting complete products. - America was the market of british goods and the source of raw materials

//The navigation acts// //: the series of law for restricting colonies' trade.// - As England's point of view, it was economic threat that the colonies traded with foreign market so that the amount of wealth colonies made became the expense of home country

Therefore, England made parliament, called The Navigation Acts. - No country could trade with the colonies unless the goods were shipped in either colonial or English ships - All vessels had to be operated by crews that were at least three-quarters English or colonial - The colonies could export certain products only to England - Almost all goods traded between the colonies and Europe first had to pass through an English port

//**Tensions Emerge**// - basic conflict was caused by the navigation acts. the new parliament didn't work well and many people didn't get what they supposed to do. A lot of violations, such as smuggling goods and illegal trading, were occurred. Finally, in 1684, King Charles II decided to punish one who resisted the most: it was the leaders and merchants of Massachusetts

//Crackdown in Massachusetts// - Charles tried to make puritan leaders to follow him, but failed - in 1684, the colony's corporate charter was revoked - massachusetts, the "Puritan utopia" became a Royal colny --> it meant that massachusetts would be controlled under the strict rule of crown

//The dominion of new England// //:united huge colony from Maine to New Jersey.-->// in 1685, Chales II -- James II (succeeded) //Sir Edmund Andros was selected as a ruler of new England// //he said, "You have no more privileges left you, than not to be sold for slaves."//

//The glorious revolution//
 * The revolution to dethrone James II because of his tyranny. By having William and Mary as heads,

the revolution was led to success. There was no bloodshed during the revolution, this event was named "the Glorious Revolution." - James II was deposed, William became new King - Edmund Andros, the ruler of the new England, and royal council were arrested - however, new colony charter was made --> more religious toleration and non-Puritan representation in the colony assembly.

//**England Loosens the Reins**// From 1688, England started to take its eyes off colonies and France, the competitor for the number of colonies. --> still wanted its colonies to do their duties, which was supporting raw materialsand importing manufactured goods.

//Salutary Neglect//
 * the state of relaxation in enforcement of most regulations,caused by constant economic loyalty of the colonies.

- raw materials kept coming into the home country, products were easy to be sold - as a result, - colonies had to by the produced good from home country - parliament did not supervise the colonies closely

//The seeds of self-government// //-// policy of salutary neglect effected colonies both politically and economically - colonies governor, selected by England, should be considered as a powerful leader, but the reality wasn't - under England's slack eye, conditions for rebellion was created