section+3+-+The+Commercial+North

//**Commerce Grows in the North**// Even though mercantilism made colonies to support their home counties, American colonies sought for their own prospering more. As a result, the colonies' economy grew twice as fast as Great Britain's economy did.

//A diversified economy// - in farming, the New England and middle colonies usually produced more than one kind of crops because of cold weather and rocky soil. - farmers raised many kinds of crops and livestock ,such as wheat,corn,cattle,and hogs. - more development in industry, especially building ships.

//Urban life// - city started to grow as number of trade increased - people gradually gathered around the cities - philadelphia became a sophisticated city as the urbanization was taking place. - high concentration of people caused a lot of problems.

//Northern Society is Diverse// - people started to gather around the developed cities, so northern society was composed of diverse groups of people.

//influx of immigrants// - as the northern society developed, it became attracting place for immigrants - Germans and Scots-Irish were the largest non-English immigrant groups --> Mostly, Germans in Pennsylvania, and Scot-Irish in Philadelphia - American colonists found ways to get along with their new neighbor, who were non-English speaker.

//Slavery in the north// - raising crops required plenty of labor. so their solution was to enslave black people. - even though the number of slaves was less than south, there were still slaves, who weren't treated as human. - racial prejudices against blacks.

//Women in northern society// - at that time, women could not vote, and a colonial wife had virtually no legal right - Puritan clergymen said, "Wives are part of the house and family, and out to be under a husband's Government: they should obey their own husbands"

//witchcraft trials in Salem// the harsh position where all women were in was combined with the social tension at that time, and caused one of the most peculiar episode - women accused each other, calling each other witches. - few witches were killed, few died in jail.

anyway, the salem trials caused many people to think about the existence of witchcraft, and led them to enlightenment.
 * //New Idea Influence the Colonists//**

//The Enlightenment// after the Renaissance and Scientific revolution with plenty of invention, a lot of truth were revealed by scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, and Sir Isaac Newton. - the Earth is revolving sun - people concluded that the world is governed by fixed mathematical law. --> These ideas overran in the 1700s during the movement called Enlightenment - Benjamin Franklin found out the lightning was a form of electrical power

//The great awakening//
 * a religious movement in Massachusetts during the 18th century

- the great awakening brought many people to Church - occurred around Jonathan Edwards